Source file src/runtime/pprof/proto_test.go

     1  // Copyright 2016 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
     2  // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
     3  // license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
     4  
     5  package pprof
     6  
     7  import (
     8  	"bytes"
     9  	"encoding/json"
    10  	"fmt"
    11  	"internal/abi"
    12  	"internal/profile"
    13  	"internal/testenv"
    14  	"os"
    15  	"os/exec"
    16  	"reflect"
    17  	"runtime"
    18  	"strings"
    19  	"testing"
    20  	"unsafe"
    21  )
    22  
    23  // translateCPUProfile parses binary CPU profiling stack trace data
    24  // generated by runtime.CPUProfile() into a profile struct.
    25  // This is only used for testing. Real conversions stream the
    26  // data into the profileBuilder as it becomes available.
    27  //
    28  // count is the number of records in data.
    29  func translateCPUProfile(data []uint64, count int) (*profile.Profile, error) {
    30  	var buf bytes.Buffer
    31  	b := newProfileBuilder(&buf)
    32  	tags := make([]unsafe.Pointer, count)
    33  	if err := b.addCPUData(data, tags); err != nil {
    34  		return nil, err
    35  	}
    36  	b.build()
    37  	return profile.Parse(&buf)
    38  }
    39  
    40  // fmtJSON returns a pretty-printed JSON form for x.
    41  // It works reasonably well for printing protocol-buffer
    42  // data structures like profile.Profile.
    43  func fmtJSON(x any) string {
    44  	js, _ := json.MarshalIndent(x, "", "\t")
    45  	return string(js)
    46  }
    47  
    48  func TestConvertCPUProfileNoSamples(t *testing.T) {
    49  	// A test server with mock cpu profile data.
    50  	var buf bytes.Buffer
    51  
    52  	b := []uint64{3, 0, 500} // empty profile at 500 Hz (2ms sample period)
    53  	p, err := translateCPUProfile(b, 1)
    54  	if err != nil {
    55  		t.Fatalf("translateCPUProfile: %v", err)
    56  	}
    57  	if err := p.Write(&buf); err != nil {
    58  		t.Fatalf("writing profile: %v", err)
    59  	}
    60  
    61  	p, err = profile.Parse(&buf)
    62  	if err != nil {
    63  		t.Fatalf("profile.Parse: %v", err)
    64  	}
    65  
    66  	// Expected PeriodType and SampleType.
    67  	periodType := &profile.ValueType{Type: "cpu", Unit: "nanoseconds"}
    68  	sampleType := []*profile.ValueType{
    69  		{Type: "samples", Unit: "count"},
    70  		{Type: "cpu", Unit: "nanoseconds"},
    71  	}
    72  
    73  	checkProfile(t, p, 2000*1000, periodType, sampleType, nil, "")
    74  }
    75  
    76  //go:noinline
    77  func f1() { f1() }
    78  
    79  //go:noinline
    80  func f2() { f2() }
    81  
    82  // testPCs returns two PCs and two corresponding memory mappings
    83  // to use in test profiles.
    84  func testPCs(t *testing.T) (addr1, addr2 uint64, map1, map2 *profile.Mapping) {
    85  	switch runtime.GOOS {
    86  	case "linux", "android", "netbsd":
    87  		// Figure out two addresses from /proc/self/maps.
    88  		mmap, err := os.ReadFile("/proc/self/maps")
    89  		if err != nil {
    90  			t.Fatal(err)
    91  		}
    92  		var mappings []*profile.Mapping
    93  		id := uint64(1)
    94  		parseProcSelfMaps(mmap, func(lo, hi, offset uint64, file, buildID string) {
    95  			mappings = append(mappings, &profile.Mapping{
    96  				ID:      id,
    97  				Start:   lo,
    98  				Limit:   hi,
    99  				Offset:  offset,
   100  				File:    file,
   101  				BuildID: buildID,
   102  			})
   103  			id++
   104  		})
   105  		if len(mappings) < 2 {
   106  			// It is possible for a binary to only have 1 executable
   107  			// region of memory.
   108  			t.Skipf("need 2 or more mappings, got %v", len(mappings))
   109  		}
   110  		addr1 = mappings[0].Start
   111  		map1 = mappings[0]
   112  		addr2 = mappings[1].Start
   113  		map2 = mappings[1]
   114  	case "windows", "darwin", "ios":
   115  		addr1 = uint64(abi.FuncPCABIInternal(f1))
   116  		addr2 = uint64(abi.FuncPCABIInternal(f2))
   117  
   118  		start, end, exe, buildID, err := readMainModuleMapping()
   119  		if err != nil {
   120  			t.Fatal(err)
   121  		}
   122  
   123  		map1 = &profile.Mapping{
   124  			ID:           1,
   125  			Start:        start,
   126  			Limit:        end,
   127  			File:         exe,
   128  			BuildID:      buildID,
   129  			HasFunctions: true,
   130  		}
   131  		map2 = &profile.Mapping{
   132  			ID:           1,
   133  			Start:        start,
   134  			Limit:        end,
   135  			File:         exe,
   136  			BuildID:      buildID,
   137  			HasFunctions: true,
   138  		}
   139  	case "js", "wasip1":
   140  		addr1 = uint64(abi.FuncPCABIInternal(f1))
   141  		addr2 = uint64(abi.FuncPCABIInternal(f2))
   142  	default:
   143  		addr1 = uint64(abi.FuncPCABIInternal(f1))
   144  		addr2 = uint64(abi.FuncPCABIInternal(f2))
   145  		// Fake mapping - HasFunctions will be true because two PCs from Go
   146  		// will be fully symbolized.
   147  		fake := &profile.Mapping{ID: 1, HasFunctions: true}
   148  		map1, map2 = fake, fake
   149  	}
   150  	return
   151  }
   152  
   153  func TestConvertCPUProfile(t *testing.T) {
   154  	addr1, addr2, map1, map2 := testPCs(t)
   155  
   156  	b := []uint64{
   157  		3, 0, 500, // hz = 500
   158  		5, 0, 10, uint64(addr1 + 1), uint64(addr1 + 2), // 10 samples in addr1
   159  		5, 0, 40, uint64(addr2 + 1), uint64(addr2 + 2), // 40 samples in addr2
   160  		5, 0, 10, uint64(addr1 + 1), uint64(addr1 + 2), // 10 samples in addr1
   161  	}
   162  	p, err := translateCPUProfile(b, 4)
   163  	if err != nil {
   164  		t.Fatalf("translating profile: %v", err)
   165  	}
   166  	period := int64(2000 * 1000)
   167  	periodType := &profile.ValueType{Type: "cpu", Unit: "nanoseconds"}
   168  	sampleType := []*profile.ValueType{
   169  		{Type: "samples", Unit: "count"},
   170  		{Type: "cpu", Unit: "nanoseconds"},
   171  	}
   172  	samples := []*profile.Sample{
   173  		{Value: []int64{20, 20 * 2000 * 1000}, Location: []*profile.Location{
   174  			{ID: 1, Mapping: map1, Address: addr1},
   175  			{ID: 2, Mapping: map1, Address: addr1 + 1},
   176  		}},
   177  		{Value: []int64{40, 40 * 2000 * 1000}, Location: []*profile.Location{
   178  			{ID: 3, Mapping: map2, Address: addr2},
   179  			{ID: 4, Mapping: map2, Address: addr2 + 1},
   180  		}},
   181  	}
   182  	checkProfile(t, p, period, periodType, sampleType, samples, "")
   183  }
   184  
   185  func checkProfile(t *testing.T, p *profile.Profile, period int64, periodType *profile.ValueType, sampleType []*profile.ValueType, samples []*profile.Sample, defaultSampleType string) {
   186  	t.Helper()
   187  
   188  	if p.Period != period {
   189  		t.Errorf("p.Period = %d, want %d", p.Period, period)
   190  	}
   191  	if !reflect.DeepEqual(p.PeriodType, periodType) {
   192  		t.Errorf("p.PeriodType = %v\nwant = %v", fmtJSON(p.PeriodType), fmtJSON(periodType))
   193  	}
   194  	if !reflect.DeepEqual(p.SampleType, sampleType) {
   195  		t.Errorf("p.SampleType = %v\nwant = %v", fmtJSON(p.SampleType), fmtJSON(sampleType))
   196  	}
   197  	if defaultSampleType != p.DefaultSampleType {
   198  		t.Errorf("p.DefaultSampleType = %v\nwant = %v", p.DefaultSampleType, defaultSampleType)
   199  	}
   200  	// Clear line info since it is not in the expected samples.
   201  	// If we used f1 and f2 above, then the samples will have line info.
   202  	for _, s := range p.Sample {
   203  		for _, l := range s.Location {
   204  			l.Line = nil
   205  		}
   206  	}
   207  	if fmtJSON(p.Sample) != fmtJSON(samples) { // ignore unexported fields
   208  		if len(p.Sample) == len(samples) {
   209  			for i := range p.Sample {
   210  				if !reflect.DeepEqual(p.Sample[i], samples[i]) {
   211  					t.Errorf("sample %d = %v\nwant = %v\n", i, fmtJSON(p.Sample[i]), fmtJSON(samples[i]))
   212  				}
   213  			}
   214  			if t.Failed() {
   215  				t.FailNow()
   216  			}
   217  		}
   218  		t.Fatalf("p.Sample = %v\nwant = %v", fmtJSON(p.Sample), fmtJSON(samples))
   219  	}
   220  }
   221  
   222  var profSelfMapsTests = `
   223  00400000-0040b000 r-xp 00000000 fc:01 787766                             /bin/cat
   224  0060a000-0060b000 r--p 0000a000 fc:01 787766                             /bin/cat
   225  0060b000-0060c000 rw-p 0000b000 fc:01 787766                             /bin/cat
   226  014ab000-014cc000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0                                  [heap]
   227  7f7d76af8000-7f7d7797c000 r--p 00000000 fc:01 1318064                    /usr/lib/locale/locale-archive
   228  7f7d7797c000-7f7d77b36000 r-xp 00000000 fc:01 1180226                    /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc-2.19.so
   229  7f7d77b36000-7f7d77d36000 ---p 001ba000 fc:01 1180226                    /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc-2.19.so
   230  7f7d77d36000-7f7d77d3a000 r--p 001ba000 fc:01 1180226                    /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc-2.19.so
   231  7f7d77d3a000-7f7d77d3c000 rw-p 001be000 fc:01 1180226                    /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc-2.19.so
   232  7f7d77d3c000-7f7d77d41000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
   233  7f7d77d41000-7f7d77d64000 r-xp 00000000 fc:01 1180217                    /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-2.19.so
   234  7f7d77f3f000-7f7d77f42000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
   235  7f7d77f61000-7f7d77f63000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
   236  7f7d77f63000-7f7d77f64000 r--p 00022000 fc:01 1180217                    /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-2.19.so
   237  7f7d77f64000-7f7d77f65000 rw-p 00023000 fc:01 1180217                    /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-2.19.so
   238  7f7d77f65000-7f7d77f66000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
   239  7ffc342a2000-7ffc342c3000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0                          [stack]
   240  7ffc34343000-7ffc34345000 r-xp 00000000 00:00 0                          [vdso]
   241  ffffffffff600000-ffffffffff601000 r-xp 00000090 00:00 0                  [vsyscall]
   242  ->
   243  00400000 0040b000 00000000 /bin/cat
   244  7f7d7797c000 7f7d77b36000 00000000 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc-2.19.so
   245  7f7d77d41000 7f7d77d64000 00000000 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-2.19.so
   246  7ffc34343000 7ffc34345000 00000000 [vdso]
   247  ffffffffff600000 ffffffffff601000 00000090 [vsyscall]
   248  
   249  00400000-07000000 r-xp 00000000 00:00 0
   250  07000000-07093000 r-xp 06c00000 00:2e 536754                             /path/to/gobench_server_main
   251  07093000-0722d000 rw-p 06c92000 00:2e 536754                             /path/to/gobench_server_main
   252  0722d000-07b21000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
   253  c000000000-c000036000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
   254  ->
   255  07000000 07093000 06c00000 /path/to/gobench_server_main
   256  `
   257  
   258  var profSelfMapsTestsWithDeleted = `
   259  00400000-0040b000 r-xp 00000000 fc:01 787766                             /bin/cat (deleted)
   260  0060a000-0060b000 r--p 0000a000 fc:01 787766                             /bin/cat (deleted)
   261  0060b000-0060c000 rw-p 0000b000 fc:01 787766                             /bin/cat (deleted)
   262  014ab000-014cc000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0                                  [heap]
   263  7f7d76af8000-7f7d7797c000 r--p 00000000 fc:01 1318064                    /usr/lib/locale/locale-archive
   264  7f7d7797c000-7f7d77b36000 r-xp 00000000 fc:01 1180226                    /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc-2.19.so
   265  7f7d77b36000-7f7d77d36000 ---p 001ba000 fc:01 1180226                    /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc-2.19.so
   266  7f7d77d36000-7f7d77d3a000 r--p 001ba000 fc:01 1180226                    /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc-2.19.so
   267  7f7d77d3a000-7f7d77d3c000 rw-p 001be000 fc:01 1180226                    /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc-2.19.so
   268  7f7d77d3c000-7f7d77d41000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
   269  7f7d77d41000-7f7d77d64000 r-xp 00000000 fc:01 1180217                    /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-2.19.so
   270  7f7d77f3f000-7f7d77f42000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
   271  7f7d77f61000-7f7d77f63000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
   272  7f7d77f63000-7f7d77f64000 r--p 00022000 fc:01 1180217                    /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-2.19.so
   273  7f7d77f64000-7f7d77f65000 rw-p 00023000 fc:01 1180217                    /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-2.19.so
   274  7f7d77f65000-7f7d77f66000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
   275  7ffc342a2000-7ffc342c3000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0                          [stack]
   276  7ffc34343000-7ffc34345000 r-xp 00000000 00:00 0                          [vdso]
   277  ffffffffff600000-ffffffffff601000 r-xp 00000090 00:00 0                  [vsyscall]
   278  ->
   279  00400000 0040b000 00000000 /bin/cat
   280  7f7d7797c000 7f7d77b36000 00000000 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc-2.19.so
   281  7f7d77d41000 7f7d77d64000 00000000 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-2.19.so
   282  7ffc34343000 7ffc34345000 00000000 [vdso]
   283  ffffffffff600000 ffffffffff601000 00000090 [vsyscall]
   284  
   285  00400000-0040b000 r-xp 00000000 fc:01 787766                             /bin/cat with space
   286  0060a000-0060b000 r--p 0000a000 fc:01 787766                             /bin/cat with space
   287  0060b000-0060c000 rw-p 0000b000 fc:01 787766                             /bin/cat with space
   288  014ab000-014cc000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0                                  [heap]
   289  7f7d76af8000-7f7d7797c000 r--p 00000000 fc:01 1318064                    /usr/lib/locale/locale-archive
   290  7f7d7797c000-7f7d77b36000 r-xp 00000000 fc:01 1180226                    /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc-2.19.so
   291  7f7d77b36000-7f7d77d36000 ---p 001ba000 fc:01 1180226                    /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc-2.19.so
   292  7f7d77d36000-7f7d77d3a000 r--p 001ba000 fc:01 1180226                    /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc-2.19.so
   293  7f7d77d3a000-7f7d77d3c000 rw-p 001be000 fc:01 1180226                    /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc-2.19.so
   294  7f7d77d3c000-7f7d77d41000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
   295  7f7d77d41000-7f7d77d64000 r-xp 00000000 fc:01 1180217                    /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-2.19.so
   296  7f7d77f3f000-7f7d77f42000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
   297  7f7d77f61000-7f7d77f63000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
   298  7f7d77f63000-7f7d77f64000 r--p 00022000 fc:01 1180217                    /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-2.19.so
   299  7f7d77f64000-7f7d77f65000 rw-p 00023000 fc:01 1180217                    /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-2.19.so
   300  7f7d77f65000-7f7d77f66000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
   301  7ffc342a2000-7ffc342c3000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0                          [stack]
   302  7ffc34343000-7ffc34345000 r-xp 00000000 00:00 0                          [vdso]
   303  ffffffffff600000-ffffffffff601000 r-xp 00000090 00:00 0                  [vsyscall]
   304  ->
   305  00400000 0040b000 00000000 /bin/cat with space
   306  7f7d7797c000 7f7d77b36000 00000000 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc-2.19.so
   307  7f7d77d41000 7f7d77d64000 00000000 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-2.19.so
   308  7ffc34343000 7ffc34345000 00000000 [vdso]
   309  ffffffffff600000 ffffffffff601000 00000090 [vsyscall]
   310  `
   311  
   312  func TestProcSelfMaps(t *testing.T) {
   313  
   314  	f := func(t *testing.T, input string) {
   315  		for tx, tt := range strings.Split(input, "\n\n") {
   316  			in, out, ok := strings.Cut(tt, "->\n")
   317  			if !ok {
   318  				t.Fatal("malformed test case")
   319  			}
   320  			if len(out) > 0 && out[len(out)-1] != '\n' {
   321  				out += "\n"
   322  			}
   323  			var buf strings.Builder
   324  			parseProcSelfMaps([]byte(in), func(lo, hi, offset uint64, file, buildID string) {
   325  				fmt.Fprintf(&buf, "%08x %08x %08x %s\n", lo, hi, offset, file)
   326  			})
   327  			if buf.String() != out {
   328  				t.Errorf("#%d: have:\n%s\nwant:\n%s\n%q\n%q", tx, buf.String(), out, buf.String(), out)
   329  			}
   330  		}
   331  	}
   332  
   333  	t.Run("Normal", func(t *testing.T) {
   334  		f(t, profSelfMapsTests)
   335  	})
   336  
   337  	t.Run("WithDeletedFile", func(t *testing.T) {
   338  		f(t, profSelfMapsTestsWithDeleted)
   339  	})
   340  }
   341  
   342  // TestMapping checks the mapping section of CPU profiles
   343  // has the HasFunctions field set correctly. If all PCs included
   344  // in the samples are successfully symbolized, the corresponding
   345  // mapping entry (in this test case, only one entry) should have
   346  // its HasFunctions field set true.
   347  // The test generates a CPU profile that includes PCs from C side
   348  // that the runtime can't symbolize. See ./testdata/mappingtest.
   349  func TestMapping(t *testing.T) {
   350  	testenv.MustHaveGoRun(t)
   351  	testenv.MustHaveCGO(t)
   352  
   353  	prog := "./testdata/mappingtest/main.go"
   354  
   355  	// GoOnly includes only Go symbols that runtime will symbolize.
   356  	// Go+C includes C symbols that runtime will not symbolize.
   357  	for _, traceback := range []string{"GoOnly", "Go+C"} {
   358  		t.Run("traceback"+traceback, func(t *testing.T) {
   359  			cmd := exec.Command(testenv.GoToolPath(t), "run", prog)
   360  			if traceback != "GoOnly" {
   361  				cmd.Env = append(os.Environ(), "SETCGOTRACEBACK=1")
   362  			}
   363  			cmd.Stderr = new(bytes.Buffer)
   364  
   365  			out, err := cmd.Output()
   366  			if err != nil {
   367  				t.Fatalf("failed to run the test program %q: %v\n%v", prog, err, cmd.Stderr)
   368  			}
   369  
   370  			prof, err := profile.Parse(bytes.NewReader(out))
   371  			if err != nil {
   372  				t.Fatalf("failed to parse the generated profile data: %v", err)
   373  			}
   374  			t.Logf("Profile: %s", prof)
   375  
   376  			hit := make(map[*profile.Mapping]bool)
   377  			miss := make(map[*profile.Mapping]bool)
   378  			for _, loc := range prof.Location {
   379  				if symbolized(loc) {
   380  					hit[loc.Mapping] = true
   381  				} else {
   382  					miss[loc.Mapping] = true
   383  				}
   384  			}
   385  			if len(miss) == 0 {
   386  				t.Log("no location with missing symbol info was sampled")
   387  			}
   388  
   389  			for _, m := range prof.Mapping {
   390  				if miss[m] && m.HasFunctions {
   391  					t.Errorf("mapping %+v has HasFunctions=true, but contains locations with failed symbolization", m)
   392  					continue
   393  				}
   394  				if !miss[m] && hit[m] && !m.HasFunctions {
   395  					t.Errorf("mapping %+v has HasFunctions=false, but all referenced locations from this lapping were symbolized successfully", m)
   396  					continue
   397  				}
   398  			}
   399  
   400  			if traceback == "Go+C" {
   401  				// The test code was arranged to have PCs from C and
   402  				// they are not symbolized.
   403  				// Check no Location containing those unsymbolized PCs contains multiple lines.
   404  				for i, loc := range prof.Location {
   405  					if !symbolized(loc) && len(loc.Line) > 1 {
   406  						t.Errorf("Location[%d] contains unsymbolized PCs and multiple lines: %v", i, loc)
   407  					}
   408  				}
   409  			}
   410  		})
   411  	}
   412  }
   413  
   414  func symbolized(loc *profile.Location) bool {
   415  	if len(loc.Line) == 0 {
   416  		return false
   417  	}
   418  	l := loc.Line[0]
   419  	f := l.Function
   420  	if l.Line == 0 || f == nil || f.Name == "" || f.Filename == "" {
   421  		return false
   422  	}
   423  	return true
   424  }
   425  
   426  // TestFakeMapping tests if at least one mapping exists
   427  // (including a fake mapping), and their HasFunctions bits
   428  // are set correctly.
   429  func TestFakeMapping(t *testing.T) {
   430  	var buf bytes.Buffer
   431  	if err := Lookup("heap").WriteTo(&buf, 0); err != nil {
   432  		t.Fatalf("failed to write heap profile: %v", err)
   433  	}
   434  	prof, err := profile.Parse(&buf)
   435  	if err != nil {
   436  		t.Fatalf("failed to parse the generated profile data: %v", err)
   437  	}
   438  	t.Logf("Profile: %s", prof)
   439  	if len(prof.Mapping) == 0 {
   440  		t.Fatal("want profile with at least one mapping entry, got 0 mapping")
   441  	}
   442  
   443  	hit := make(map[*profile.Mapping]bool)
   444  	miss := make(map[*profile.Mapping]bool)
   445  	for _, loc := range prof.Location {
   446  		if symbolized(loc) {
   447  			hit[loc.Mapping] = true
   448  		} else {
   449  			miss[loc.Mapping] = true
   450  		}
   451  	}
   452  	for _, m := range prof.Mapping {
   453  		if miss[m] && m.HasFunctions {
   454  			t.Errorf("mapping %+v has HasFunctions=true, but contains locations with failed symbolization", m)
   455  			continue
   456  		}
   457  		if !miss[m] && hit[m] && !m.HasFunctions {
   458  			t.Errorf("mapping %+v has HasFunctions=false, but all referenced locations from this lapping were symbolized successfully", m)
   459  			continue
   460  		}
   461  	}
   462  }
   463  
   464  // Make sure the profiler can handle an empty stack trace.
   465  // See issue 37967.
   466  func TestEmptyStack(t *testing.T) {
   467  	b := []uint64{
   468  		3, 0, 500, // hz = 500
   469  		3, 0, 10, // 10 samples with an empty stack trace
   470  	}
   471  	_, err := translateCPUProfile(b, 2)
   472  	if err != nil {
   473  		t.Fatalf("translating profile: %v", err)
   474  	}
   475  }
   476  

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